Paid Employment and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paid Employment and Identity - Essay ExampleAccording to Kirpal (2011), the company and occupational categories be the source of graze-related identity formation processes. Employees form identities as they engage in their job and as they interact with their colleagues and customers giving them a source of commitment, motivation and effective job performance (217). People be also judged according to the work they do rather than who they atomic number 18 and a result people are in continuous search for the right job which brings meaning into their lives. This depends on what mortals view as substantive work to them and the community as a whole. The question that begs an answer then is what constitutes meaningful work? Klein (2008) observes that kernel and meaning of work for mortals evolves as technological and economic circumstances change thus making it tight to find meaning in work and form identities. This paper will explore how paid manipulation affects identity based o n the contextual nature of identity. Identity Identity is defined by Goffman (1959) as an impression management where we monitor all aspects of behaviour of people we encounter. Identity is therefore like a theatrical performance where actors try to convince the audience that their actions are real when in reality they are not authentic. Actors thus identify the things to be taken into account, act on basis of these identifications and attempt to fitted their actions with others in the situation (Burke, 2006). Just like in performances, the actors in society have roles to play and they oblige meanings which are derived from culture or from let understanding to themselves while performing the roles. However, the individuals must negotiate meanings derived from own understanding with others who have different views such that self meanings correspond to role behaviour. For example, in a work setting if the role of the worker means service to others, then the workers actions or beha viour should match the meaning by attending to customers needs promptly. Jensen (2011 p. 163), defines identity as a process of recognizing and cosmos recognized by those who count. The nature of identity in this case is relational as individuals try to fare themselves from others. For example, in a work situation an individual tries to identify himself by distinguishing himself from non-work situation therefore an individual constitutes his context of development. Jensen also acknowledges that individuals have various identity options which vary across cultural contexts but the individual has to explore the most convenient identity from the available options and make a decision to adopt the chosen identity. According to Goffman (1959), choosing the right option requires negotiation with the other pathways available. For example, people can negotiate on the requirements to suffice a certain position or occupation thence set a criterion for identifying with that option. In tradi tional societies, options were limited as children followed the path of their parents through apprenticeship hence identified with parents occupation. For example, a child from a poor background or uneducated parents was also not educated hence ended in same occupation as parents. However, Rehn (2009) acknowledges that children learn differently from adults and should not be ignore as they also form a

Berry Gordy and the Rise of Motown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Berry Gordy and the deepen of Mot experience - Essay ExampleBerry Gordy, Jr., created a recording order that became a legend in the medicine industry and an icon of American culture. Gordy wielded tight control over the companys business practices, magnificently micro-managing both Motowns finances and the lives and careers of its musical talents.The formula he established,both from a business and creative standpoint,stood the canvas of time and turned Motown into a mega-million dollar concern Following intelligent business principles, Gordy diversified into separate branches of the entertainment industry, such as film, and moved Motown from Detroit, the urban center with which it is still identified, to southern California. Today, Gordys holds the double bequest as a successful businessman and creative musical impresario. Keywords Berry Gordy, Jr., music industry, Motown, Detroit. CREATING AN ICON 3 Creating an Icon Berry Gordy and the Rise of Motown For millions of music fans around the world, Berry Gordy and Motown Records are icons of the music industry and of familiar culture in general. The Motown sound is still considered the close distinctive urban representation of the genre, an influence as seminal and profound in its way as Elvis Presley and the Beatles. Memphis had Stax and Sun Records, and Chess Records is still tight identified with the Chicago blues scene. Yet no music label has ever been more well identified with a community than Motown with Detroit, a musical marriage the mere mention of which still encompasses its own aesthetic and mystique. All of this was due to the vision of Berry Gordy, the Detroit native whose foresight, business judgment and promotional hotshot helped grow a small, hometown label into a multi-media entertainment empire. As with any successful entrepreneur, once he was established as a leader in his field Gordy successfully diversified his business interests. Motowns move into the film industry proved financial ly successful and by the time Gordy sold the company to MCA, it was worth more than $60 million. A Newsweek article from May 1983 ascribed the backside of Motowns success to the positive desire of young volume, both black and white, to dance to music with an infectious beat (Barol, 1983). This, the article contended, was the basis of Gordys genius his faith in a formula that defined Motown like no other label. Its first great hit, Shop Around by Smoky Robinson, which sold a million copies in 1960, is a prime example of the timelessness of the music Gordy produced and the durability of his business formula as a music impresario. A true opportunist, Gordy leveraged the racial and cultural tumult of the 1960s, positioning Motown as CREATING AN ICON 4 a kind of unofficial urban musical voice of black America, and a symbol of Detroit, the city with which it is still identified, even though Gordy long ago moved his operation to Hollywood to take advantage of opportunities in the film industry. No sentimentalist, Gordy did not allow image to cloud his business judgment or convince him to act counter to his best interests. On June 28, 1988, Gordy sold Motown to MCA for $61 million, a deal that close to said decidedly favored Gordy. Right now, the company has nothing on the charts, its internally shot, people are looking to get out. Its a sad ending to a good persona of American history. Berry Gordy is a great creative guy, but (hes) not a strong charabanc said a rival producer at the time (Ingham and Feldman, p. 195). It is a measure of Motowns cultural power that Gordy came under such virulent criticism for having sold arguably the nations most visible black-owned business to a large corporation (p. 195). Motown may have been folded into a giant interior(a) conglomerate, but Gordys success was far from over. Motowns subsidiaries comprised a considerable source of revenue, and Gordy brought them under atomic number 53 roof in 1990 when he formed the

What Is It about 20-Somethings by Robin Marantz Henig Essay

What Is It about 20-Somethings by robin Marantz Henig - Essay ExampleInstead of following a course of life in st periods, people be beginning to find confusion in the fact that stability lavnot be defined during adulthood anymore, in fact, increasing number of people are going back to school regardless of the age. According to antithetic views, the problems of the 20-somethings can mirror the problematic state of the society such as lack of good jobs that can support new and young families. In fact, people in their twenties often change jobs originally reaching adulthood (Par 1-6).There are different studies re deepd to the 20-somethings. One of the utter studies was undertaken by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett of the Clark University in Worcester, the 20s should be considered as a distinct life stage referred to as emergent adulthood. He compared the admit for the new stage in the recognition of the stage of adolescence a century ago. People ages 18 to late 20s have similar actions of continuously seeking for their own niche in the socio-cultural structure in damage of job, personal relationships and livelihood. Exploration of a sense of possibility summarizes the different components of the psychological profile of the 20-somethings prior to age 30 which is considered as the deadline. It would be helpful to understand the said stage by segregating it but the said action can also result in repercussions not only for policymakers but for the young and emerging adult themselves (Par. 7-12). Arnett faces criticism and contradictions with regards to his point of view but using his 10-year research to make his case, he was able to get the attention of some developmental psychology experts (Par.13-21).

Disneys Pocahontas - History And Entertainment - A Study In Collision Movie Review

Disneys Pocahontas - Hi fable And Entertainment - A Study In Collision - Movie Review ExampleOne more notable thing is the movies perspectives in terms of it backgrounds design. When Pocahontas took that leap off the cliff, we are taken in confusion by the cliffs height. Trees seem to be of gigantic size making a herd of the scenes a feast of, as well as a visual adventure. At some tear down in the movie, we begin to wonder if such a paradise exists. After some clicks on the net, we imbibe that although Jamestown does exist, as did the characters and the tribe, the topography was entirely fictional if not a collection of travel brochures. Now the question of whether that matters plainly depends on where the question is coming from. For the producers, in the case of the making of Pocahontas, they cared about two things making scads of money and garnering awards. Although Pocahontas did not register as well as Lion King at the thump office, it did win both the Golden Globe and t he Oscar for its theme song, Colors Of The Wind, it also earned a sizable amount. As it does traditionally, the introduction of cutesy animal characters guaranteed the inclusion of the youngsters magnet to this animated film. That these animal characters do not talk at all, made the movie able cut back on the love-drama between the main characters and the passel surrounding them. Plot-wise, Pocahontas was able to nail it. There were minimal loopholes. Story-wise, it was quite tight. We find ourselves smile a littler when we see How quite systematic the natives farmed at that time. ... sizable amount. As it does traditionally, the introduction of cutesy animalcharacters guaranteed the inclusion of the youngsters attraction to the this animated film. That these animal characters do not talk at all, made themovie able concentrate on the love-drama between the main characters andthe people surrounding them. Plot-wise, Pocahontas was able to nail it. There were minimal loopholes.Sto ry-wise, it was quite tight. We find ourselves smile a little when we seehow quite systematic the natives farmed at that time. But then, if soulfulnesswants a more realistic film, the recently released, The New World starringColin Farrell would be more befitting. When it comes entertainment, around average Janes and Joes do not really care about historical accuracy.Except perhaps in cases where the characters are still living or alive, or where the issue is political. In the first place, Disney did not sluice mentiona true story or based on a true story in any of their posters nor trailers. Your last name 3Plainly, had the producers stuck to historical accuracy, the whole projectwould have a totally different treatment- comedy perhaps Who knowsThat the real John Smith was stout, bearded and alleged to be a coward,is not a character suited in a love-drama that sells not only the stunner ofthis movies own Jamestown but the physical beauty of its characters aswell. This is reality- the reality of marketing and the reality of business.For their part, the filmakers couldnt have gotten sarcastic acclaim for its animation and art direction without all that

Economic Indicators Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Indicators Paper - Essay Exampleforms at a level below skilful employment then monetary and fiscal policy renders a positive impact by increase employment rather than simply causing inflation or directing the resources towards inefficient use in order to create jobs. Th paper studies the automobile industry with the help of the six economic indicators echt GDP, Unemployment account, Inflation tell measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), Auto Sales, Foreign Exchange dictate and Oil and Fuel Prices. The study focusses essentially on the inflation rate which in turn affects the another(prenominal) indicators as well as the industry and a whole.Real GDP This is the measure of the total turnout produced during a specific time period within a certain territory. This is measured at unalterable prices in order to adjust for the inflation rate. This helps in estimaitng the size of the economy with ajdustment in prices and inflation rates.Unemployment rate We consider the status of unemployment for a particular individual when he or she is eager to work that is without work. The percentage of the potential labor force who are unemployment is estimated as the unemployment rate. Unemployment is often related to the recessionary build of an economy or a business cycle. As production falls during recession, in order to love he cost, labour is retrenched and a sudden unemployment might arise.Inflation rate This refers to the rate of increase in a certain price index. Usually Consumer Price Index is used to reflect inflation. This is defined as the percentage change in price. level over a certain time period. Conversely, inflation rate is also the decrease in purchasing power of cash. With increase in prices purchasing power falls, money supply in the economy rises while the supply or production falls.The automobile industry vie an important role in the 1920s when the US economy grew at an accelerated rate creating more and more jobs and income. In the late 1980s, with the increase in competition with the foreign

Marketing the Visual Arts in the Media Assignment

Marketing the Visual Arts in the Media - Assignment simulationThe essay is like a wakeup call for promoters of stratagemworks and artists in India. It calls for the need to organize many such conclaves and corroborate art museums across the country to bring the meaning of art into the public. The importance of establishment of art museums is highlighted by an article written by Mr.Ranvir Shaw (Ranvir Shaw For the sake of arts, Magazine Section, The Hindu, Sunday, March 08th, 2009) in a late(a) news edition of The Hindu (see accessory 3). eventually the article concludes by stating the relevance and appropriateness of the conclave.On 20Th of March, 2009 a huge conclave named as Selvedged Voices Womens narrative art work textiles from India and Chile leave alone be launched in Chennai. The main reason behind the conclave is to bring into focus Chilean arpilerras (see Appendix 4), Kathwas (see Appendix 5), Sujunis of Bihari women artists and Santhal women artists of India. The army is aimed at attracting connoisseurs of creative and visual art and creating demand for art forms of this sort. Also it is the crank hope of the organizers of the exhibition and the artists of both Chile and India that the exhibition will indeed help in promotion of their art works helping them in earning a decent amount of revenue and provide reasonable exposure for those beautiful art forms. Selvedged Voices (see Appendix 6) are beautiful, narrative tapestries and art works which basically present the life style of people of Kathwas, Sujinis and the Santhals. The reason why these art forms gain such prominence is because they let the cat out of the bag about the traditional life styles of tribal people in the aforesaid regions. Soon these traditions and art forms may cease to exist unless preserved and encouraged to survive. One of the participants in the exhibition is an disposal called as Kalaraksha. Kalarakshas cover girl paintings present topics which are a true co nnoisseurs delight. They bring to life concepts such as preservation of water by the tribal people, devastation caused by a violent earth quake. Done in cushiony and vibrant pinks and lilacs these panels speak of the touch of tribal art sense, ability and creative skills. Similarly another organization from West Bengal is exhibiting beautiful and elegant Kantha embroidery narrative sketch panels, known for their use of lace work, cloak sense dexterous use of beads and velvet. These panels are known for pictures of tales from epics such as Ramayana or Mahabharata. Finally the essay concludes by looking at the possibility of the exhibition to achieve its objectives. The Need for the exhibitionSelvedged Voices, the exhibition is being sponsored by the ministry of culture by the Government of India and curated by Dr.Skye Morrison, an internationally acclaimed authority on Santhal and Sujuni art forms. Santhal art forms of Bihar and Sujuni art works of Jharkhand are desperately in nee d of encouragement. These art works sound to the lower and weaker

Psycolinguistics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psycolinguistics - Research project ExampleThe psychological factors include the childs family setting, stress, abuse, neglect, separation from loved ones, or an extreme psychological event that distressed him emotionally. The research will focus on questions like Does an unsuitable family setting usurp a childs perception of speech? What impact does stress and emotional distress has on his speech and sound recognition? Does getting him separated from his loved ones like a parent partake his ability to perceive speech? These issues have inspired me to conduct this qualitative research. Literature Review away Research Papers. Some past research that will be helpful is Benedek, Elissa P. and Diane H. Schetky. Problems in Validating Allegations of familiar Abuse. Part 1 Factors Affecting Perception and Recall of Events. Journal of the American Academy of Child and insipid Psychiatry, 26.6 (1987) 912-915. (This is a research on the effect of sexual abuse of childs perception of eve nts plainly it will also be helpful in interpreting childs speech perception.) Hurewitz, Felicia, Brown-Schmidt, Sarah, Thorpe, Kirsten, Gleitman, Lila R. and fanny C. Trueswell.

Media and Culture in the Arab Society Assignment

Media and enculturation in the Arab Society - Assignment ExampleIn addition, the paper is going to discuss the mutual put to work of socialization and media as it manifests itself in the Arab society. Culture comprises of the philosophies, behaviors, objects, and other features conjoint to the adherents of a particular group. Hence, through culture, commonwealth and the groups outline themselves, abide by the peoples common values, and back the society. As such, culture comprises many communal aspects such as language, tools, customs, morals and ethical motive, standards, rules, machinery, products, governments, and institutions. Further, most culture defines the institutions as the family, education, religion, work, and healthcare ( Andersen and Taylor 69).In this sense, the curve of culture on media in the Arab culture is mainly guided by the above-named aspects. For instance, morals and ethics are full(prenominal)ly regarded in all Arab cultures. This has been attributed to its deep devotion to religion and equally through its high value for its institutions. Unlike in the American cultures where morals and the institutions are very diluted and less valued, hence beingness vulnerable to the media influences.Moreover, the governance of Arab cultures is very strict on the forms of technologies, products and organizations that serve its people. For instance, prostitution, pornography among others is viewed to be poem that can even attract death penalties. The presence of such hefty penalties, therefore, defines what can be broadcasted on media. Consequently, media houses have been forced to constrain themselves to what is acceptable. ( Andersen and Taylor 69)The other aspect that is valued with high regards in the Arab realness is religious beliefs. Religion has been attributed to be the driving force of morals and ethics. With such deep religious beliefs and culture is bound to be in control of negative influences. Hence, Arab cultures have been abl e to define the media rather than the media being able to influence them. It is factual that mostcultures in the Arabs are Muslims and it is well known that value their religion.

The Mexican-American War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Mexican-American War - Essay ExampleThe northerners who were partial to free dig quarreled with the s awayherners who desired to expand slavery over the fate of the new lands. Congressman David Wilmots proviso that nix slavery in the new lands was supported by the northern Democrats but objected to by the southerners. These disagreements were sorted out in the compromise of 1850 that accepted California as a free state, ending slave administer in Washington D.C, solving the boundary quarrel between Texas and New Mexico, easing Southerners ability to retaking fugitive slaves and formation of Utah and New Mexico regions with issues regarding slavery in each to be settled by popular sovereignty (Singletary).Capital punishment has been abolished in many countries across Europe, Latin America although it is thus far retained in some parts of Asia and Africa. In non-democratic countAfrica.pecially in the Middle East, big(p) punishment is stable quite common. Capital punishment is usually devoted for murder, treason and in Muslim countries, it is also given for sexual and, religious crimes. In China, the death penalty could be given for corruption and other estimable offenses. In countries where capital punishment has been banned, the punishment is usually considered as a human rights issue and opponents of capital punishment argue that capital punishment does not deter criminals and the poor or minority atomic number 18 sometimes wrongfully convicted.

Using Technology in Tertiary Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Using technology in Tertiary Education - Essay ExampleIn addition, with the technology, cordial media has also been playing an prestigious role in reframing the educational sectors all around the world. Competitive universities today have further get down quite concentrated on making a better use of the information and the platform rendered by the social media of 21st century for the educational processes. It is in this context that technology in alliance with the implications of social media tends to create both advantageous and disadvantageous impacts upon the educational sector which can be identified as the complex and multidimensional phenomenon (Carr, 2012). Based on this context, the study will intend to offer a well-rounded understanding of the impacts created by technology upon education sector, emphasizing upon the classroom or lecture environment of the ordinal education process. In this regard the discussion will also take into account the role vie by social media in transforming the traditional learning process by means of rapidly go on technology. Concerning the current day context, it can be apparently observed that universities are becoming increasingly fain towards utilizing technological advancements in the traditional education systems to obtain greater competitive advantages through differentiation (Schwartz, 2012).In this regard, mingled benefits can be observed to be yielded by the universities by making use of technologies. For instance, the utilization of groundbreaking technology has often observed to assist the educators to effectively communicate to the learners with practical illustration with a locomote display, which further helps the students to obtain a clear view of the topic or subject. Technology involvement in tertiary education can also be observed to present the subject matter as more interesting to the students. Technology involvement has been encouraged in the educational sectors also due to the mind that it helps in more active learning of the students.

Terrorism Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

terrorism Paper - Essay ExampleThis covers the terrorist groups and activities originating from within the European continent, and as well the employment of terrorist organizations and activities from outside Europe. The paper also will also discuss how terrorism operates in both method and rationale, such as tone ending over examples of their various modus operandi and goals. There will also be discussion of the foreign support and involvement of other countries to these groups, whether within or outside Europe, and their alleged agendas or reasons for doing so.At the tail end of this paper, in that location will be theoretical recommendations or applications in dealing with the issue of terrorism in Europe. As such, possible practical scenarios could be given as examples based from the analysis of the research make for this paper. discernment can also be given as a personal output in annexe to the information studied for this research.Before discussing the various terrorist a cts in 20th century Europe, it should first be understand what terrorism is and how one is defined as a terrorist. Usually, an individual is considered a terrorist if he or she has policy-making goals or beliefs that are strong motivations to commit acts of violence against their enemies, regardless if done on non-combatants. It can be said then that terrorism is an act of violence made against non-combatants or civilians for the purpose of waging a psychological warfare of fear. This can be in the form of indiscriminate bombings, assassinations, and sabotage in highly inhabit civilian areas. These actions are done for a politically or culturally motivated goal and made aware through violent and fearful acts.Modern European history has many incidents and episodes of violent terrorist acts. mayhap one of the most well known would be the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by a Serbian nationalist radical by the name of Gavrilo Princip. The attack was mo tivated by an individual

Religious reform in the Age of Enlightenment Essay

Religious reform in the Age of Enlightenment - Essay Examplethe spiritual reform in the Age of Enlightenment then becomes an interesting topic, considering the fact that religion is fundamentally establish on faith and traditions, yet the Age of Enlightenment was introducing reason, thus creating a fundamental conflict that would bring out religion change. Thus, despite the fact that religion does non auger wellhead with reason and intellect with rationality conflicting the provisions of the religious doctrine most of the time, then it will be interesting to larn how reason and faith played to transform religion during this period. Therefore, the conflict between faith in religion and reason becomes the major reason why this topic has been selected. Concepts that will be used in your abridgment of the textSecularism This fantasy will be used to stage the non-religious culture of faithless action that is not based on any doctrines of religion or any sacred scripture, but sol ely bloodsucking on the human reason, desire, and freedoms (Shapin, 47).Alternative Religion This concept will feature in the analysis of the text, to represent other different options that emerged during the age of enlightenment, to replace the tradition of blind faith with reason as well as the freedom to act against the traditional religion and sacred traditions and doctrines (Ingram, 36).Religious reform This is a concept that will be applied to represent the actual process of transitioning from the traditional religious ways and custom to the new culture of secularism and rationality in faith doctrines.

International Culture and Ethics Research Paper

world-wide Culture and Ethics - Research Paper ExampleThere is need for individuals to develop intercultural cooperation skills that will alter them to cooperate with other people of different husbandry for is vital for survival.Business ethics refer to standards of object lesson behavior that relate to corporate as well as entrepreneurial situations while business culture refers to values, norms morals that are practiced by a group of people and they reflect their way of backing or the way they do business. The two lead to expected behavior of people in an face or as they do business. Since ethics suggest standard, it implies that they entail a legal aspect and invasion of ethics can lead to legal ramification while violation of the business culture may not result to something so drastic. To individuals wanting to operate a business between different regions or countries there is need to compare the culture in your home country with that of the host country.In shape to sta rt an international business, individuals need to ask themselves some essential open ended questions and make a thorough research on the particular business and the countries to be involved. This is simply because it will require that the soul functions in a foreign language. At first, it is quite in order to have a saying at guides having articles on how to do business world wide and make deals on how to operate the business. This may require negotiating on the tactics to use, determining the value of connections required, use of business card and content, how to present oneself in meetings, language to use in promoting the business, adherence to company policy governing the type of business and beat to know more of the business culture information. Secondly is to important to consider a prosperous cheer which entails determining typical mealtimes for the day, best venues the business entertainment is to take place, acceptance or declination of invitations, guidelines of hostin g a social event and get to know more on business

Able Company's Trip to Trauma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

fit Companys Trip to Trauma - Essay ExampleLikewise, in the business setting too, such medications are needful when the business is not going well. The need to cured is directly proportional to the amount of recovery that is required. If we take over fever, the medication is a pill only. If it is something manage malaria, the medicine is some injection, but what happens when somebody is in the hint Unit. Similarly, when the business is in condition where people see its liquidation as a near future, the companies like Able Inc. are then called to be in Intensive Care Unit or touch Rooms, which means they require quick action with the best possible steps to let it put on the track of recovery. In such case, the strategic objectives for the organizations are just the medical prescriptions for the ailing patient at Emergency Ward. Just like the prescription of doctor is considered as the last way to recover and hence is religiously followed, same is the case with the strategic obj ectives. They are like to last boat to sit and flub the river, otherwise, bankruptcy is must.

Quiz 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Quiz 2 - Essay ExampleWithin the White hearthstone workforce, there are numerous persons assuming distinct job titles. One of such job titles is that of the compaction Secretary. A water closet secretarial assistant is among the most senior officials in the White House staff. Literally, a touch secretary talks to the press (Shelley 52). Anyone assuming this title plays the role of a spokesperson. This means a press secretary tells the world of the presidents thoughts and reactions to domestic and international opinions. In addition, a press secretary delivers information about White House proceedings to the public.Permanent campaign is a term number 1 coined by Patrick Caddell in 1976. In a letter written to President Carter, Caddell proposed a concept of move campaign as opposed to short term campaigns in politics. Consequently, the last three American presidents, including Obama, contain stressed the concept of permanent campaign in their terms. Technically, permanent campa ign refers to a web site where politicians get campaign projects as soon as an election is completed (Shelley 48). Instead of halting the campaign mode after an election, democrats and republicans engage in extended battle for democratic thinking. Consequently, permanent campaigns have caused a situation where political goals held by individuals and parties become active throughout the periods between election exercises.Admittedly, a presidents background is influential in shaping his executive tenure. Essentially, presidency is a public office with delineate tasks. In order to display enhanced performance, office holders should possess the requisite experience in discourse social, political and economic matters of the general public. In this context, an office holders background determines the level of expertise observed throughout a presidents

Robotic Mission vs Manned Mission Essay Example for Free

Robotic billing vs Manned Mission EssayIt is my opinion that if given a choice between a robotic and a work length based geographic expedition, it is better to execute a robotic relegation. It is not worth the cost and risk for humans to obviously explore station, except when the goal is specifically colonization. First, a manned mission would be much much technically complicated than a robotic one outweighing any incremental benefit resulting from a human presence. Second, the pecuniary cost of manned missions to over suffice the complications is not worth the projected costs. Third, funding robotic missions are indirect investments in aiding the trustworthy human condition.That is, the cost saving from robot missions could help relieve current issues here on earth. Lastly, pushing the boundaries of the unknown will al government agencys be fascinating to humans, but we would be pushing current human boundaries to explore much further past the moon, with our current technology. Advancements in robot technology raise allow us to take the next step in advanced space missions. Some would press the opposite some would say that manned missions are essential to quench our curiosity and thirst for stripping the unknown, our desperate search for answers about the universe, and to find life beyond our visualiseet. at that place are specific advantages to robotic exploration over human space missions. Space is a dangerous place for humans in umteen ways there are many factors working against long term human space travel. There is harsh radiation, zero gravity and the element of time to consider. Radiation, in form of cosmic rays (high energy particles) and early(a) high-energy radiation emitted from our sun, breaks down DNA in our bodies (0), pull up stakess to major complications, and poses the largest threat to human space travel. protracted zero gravity exposure leads to bone destiny loss and weakened organs because our physiology evolved havin g gravity. Time is as well as a factor against human space travel we simply discountnot go fast enough and go away long enough to make it. If we went 123,000 mph with current plasma engines (1) to the closest star, Proxima Centauri 4. 22 light years away (2), it would take 23 thousands years (2. 1). We cant live that long but robots could possibly go faster and need no protection from anything except sensitive equipment.Robots dont need to come back, they have no families and we can build sweet ones. As questions are asked about the cosmos we wear newly detectors, telescopes, and probes to answer those questions safely, quickly, and with accuracy. Human space missions are extremely expensive, unsafe, and in economic(3) compared to robotic ones. A manned mission would more or less likely involve advanced life support systems, ample social interaction that means more people, food, oxygen, radiation protection, constant exercise, etc. with all systems being mostly self-sustain ing or replenishing.This is all equals to weight, cost, time, and explore. Also, the do of zero-gravity and cosmic radiation have not been studied in depth and the long term exposure, could be detrimental(4). Also, the effects on the mind, in the long term, we know little about. (5) Constant isolation and confinement could driveway any crew mad. (5. 1) We currently dont even have spacesuits that protect against radiation. (6) Dennis Bushnell, NASA Langleys school principal scientist said, Whats affordable is not safe whats safe is not affordable. (7).A robotic mission would not encounter any of these problems and risks. The space shuttle had a price tag of about $450 million per mission and today unmanned payload cost about $12,000 per pound. (8) Most of this cost is associated with the fuel it takes to escape estates orbit which is burned upon take off. The less weight expended the less fuel is required for takeoff, therefore saving money to make it worth these endeavors. Ass uming we do not colonize the location we formulate on exploring, we would want our fellow space explorers to return home to their families safely.This would require a mission plan home, this is more than one mission, an increase in cost and preparation, making a returning virtually impossible. (8. 1) Robotic space missions could directly address and change human conditions on Earth. The possibilities of immediate results on Earth are enticing, new technologies found through the research of problems encountered could lead to advanced propulsion technologies that could give us more efficient methods of travel here on Earth and possibly end our use of fossil fuels. Reaching and exploring asteroids could lead the way to learning how to divert one here on Earth(9).Possible colonization of new worlds can first be explored by robots, giving us an understanding of our true environment and helps us expand, as the human race not any specific nation or country but for public as a whole. Find ing new resources from asteroids, moons, and worlds in our solar system could give us a new era of economic stimulus, growth, and hopefully peace. By 2030 we human on Earth will be consuming the resources of two planets annually (10), this is a scary thought and we must prepare for the possibility of expanding our horizons to the new frontier, united as one people for the common good.Some opposing cases have been argued that it is essential for manned missions to be funded. It is very possible for us to reach Mars in one month (11) with a proposed 123,000 MPH plasma engine. This makes it imperative to do so immediately. With less and less standing in our way to colonizing our solar system, we must see these new frontiers with our eyes. New technologies researched for the survival of colonies in space, could bring many confirmative effects on Earth, such as closed-loop sustainable habitats would give the poor around the world, enough food. 12) This would not be possible, if we sent robots, since they dont eat. The necessity for manned missions could inadvertently allow us to feel new technologies that will, assuredly help us on Earth. There even is the possibility of a one-way journey for a single candidate to colonize Mars. (13) This would reduce risk, cost, and the lives of other potential settlers. Since, there is no longer the competition of nations to reach space, like the space-race between USA and Russia, but today we work together, alike a club of developers. (14) In conclusion, I feel that a robotic mission is the way to explore space. The cost, risk, and benefits gained from a manned mission are just not worth it, when compared to a robotic one. Although, the possibility of many technologies arising from the research aimed toward at solving current hurdles of successful manned missions, we should not to bear the risks associated with them since, robots are address of ourselves. Endnotes 0 http//schoolworkhelper. net/2011/02/nasa-mission-to-mars-pr obes-design-dangers/ 1,11,14.

The Dropping of the Atomic Bomb Essay Example for Free

The Dropping of the Atomic Bomb stressOn August 6, 1945 an American attacker dropped the nuclear bomb on Hiroshima., Japan. Three days later(prenominal) another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan . Theses bombs brought the break off of World War two with Japan. by and by the Allies defeated the Axis powers in Europe, America hire a trend to quickly end the state of war. This came the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan, which was a military necessity. The drain of early battles, an full-scale impingement on Japan, and the threat of Soviet influence cause for such a dramatic decision to be made. The United States had managed to stay out of war in Europe, until the bombing of Pearl Harbor on declination 7, 1941. This bombing by the Japanese had get outged America into the fight (Doc A). The Pacific front of the war was one of the bloodiest. Americans had unconnected its footing in the Eastern front in the early years. Such as the lost of agree of the Philipp ines, when General MacArthur retreated to to Australia on April 9, 1942. It wasnt until June of that year at the battle of Midway when the U.S. started to turn the tables. fighting on two fronts was draining on the U.S. and after V-E day in March of 1945, the United States need a way to end the war soon, or face a the war to continue to drag on, ca employ thousands of more American lives.The United States didnt think of dropping the bomb to end the war at first. U.S. forces had began to plan a full scale invasion on Japans mainland in November 1945. American forces had been bombing cities, military bases, and industries, in Japan since the take over of Guam in the battle of Marianas on June 1944 (Doc E). The invasion of Japan would cause millions of deaths, not only American, but Japanese lives as well (Doc C). The atomic bomb had began construction under President Roosevelt to use against the Germans (Doc B). Once Truman became president, the bomb seemed to be the quickest way to end the war while spearing as many lives as possible (Doc D).The drop of an Atomic bomb would also end the need for Soviet assistance in ending the war with Japan (Doc F). With the Soviet Union joining came the threat of communism spreading. It seemed not a good idea to be in the situation to need help from the USSR. Some think the bomb was a way to threaten the Soviet Union. To show off the U.S. power (Doc G). After dropping the first atomic bomb, Stalin declared war on Japan, August 8, 1945. This raised the even more need to drop the second bomb. That caused Japan asked of peace on the 10th of August 1945, stopping the need for the not so wel total support.Though the out come of the bombing was terrible (Doc I), and some like to say there where other ways to end the war, avoiding using the atomic bomb (Doc H).Though in the end the dropping of the two atomic bombs was a necessity. It was the only option to end the war, without causing a significant number of lives in that time.

A summary of Amazon’s business Essay Example for Free

A summary of viragos railway line EssayIve utilize virago in my books for over 10 geezerhood now since legion(predicate) companies, from startups and sm t fall out ensemble seames to large international furrowes, can learn from their counsel on the client and the approach of using engineering science and analysis to alter results. It consis decenniumtly outperforms a nonher(prenominal) companies in its ACSI node de fresh rating too. I aim to keep the result study up-to-date for readers of the books and Smart Insights readers who whitethorn be interested. In it we look at amazons background, tax model and sources for the latest business results. I recommend anyone studying virago checks the latest virago revenue and business strategies from their SEC filings / Investor relations.The annual filings to crumple a great summary of eBay business and revenue models. A good summary of the latest business model initiatives is available in this virago annual report summary for 2011. For Q4, 2010 North America raillery section sales, representing the familiaritys U.S. and Canadian sites, were $7.21 billion, up 45% from fourth quarter 2009. International segment sales, representing the Companys U.K., German, Japanese, French, Chinese and pee lead Italian sites, were $5.74 billion, up 26% from fourth quarter 2009. Excluding the unfavorable furbish up from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, sales grew 29%. virago has come a long way since it launched in 1995Fromand its officesto its current Seattle headquarters amazon performs exceptionally expeditiously postingd against revenue per visitor, which is one of the key measures for any commercial website, whether its a media site, look to engine, hearty network or a trans mouldional retailer or introduces travel or financial run. Of course arrive at per exploiter would be quite different imputable to the significantly lower costs of other .coms archetypeis ed Facebook and Google.Note SEC is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which is a government agency for which companies have to submit an distribute evaluation oftheir business models and securities industryplace conditions. Further virago case informationThis case study created by FaberNovel amazon.com The Hidden Empire one of five Most Favorited slide represents and one of the five Most Popular engine room Presentations of 2011. Recommended Amazon Case Study ContextWhy a case study on Amazon? Surely ever soyone knows about who Amazon atomic government issue 18 and what they do? Yes, well thats maybe true, but this case goes beyond the surface toreview some of the insider secrets of Amazons success. Like eBay, Amazon.com was born in 1995. The pay heed reflected the vision of Jeff Bezos, to produce a large scale phenomenon like the Amazon river. This ambition has proved confirm since just 8 historic period later, Amazon passed the $5 billion sales mark it took Wa l-Mart 20 years to achieve this.By 2008 Amazon was a global brand with other 76 zillion agile customers accounts and order fulfillment to more than 200 countries. Despite this volume of sales, at December 31, 2007 Amazon occupied approximately 17,000 full-time and destiny-time employees. In September 2007, it launched Amazon MP3, a la carte DRM-free MP3 unison downloads, which now let ins over 3.1 million songs from more than 270,000 artists.Amazon Vision strategyIn their 2008 SEC filing, Amazon describe the vision of their business as to Relentless(prenominal)ly focus on on customer experience by offering our customers low prices, convenience, and a entire selection of merchandise. The vision is still to offer Earths biggest selection and to be Earths most customer-centric company. Consider how these core marketing messages summarising the Amazon online appreciate proposition atomic number 18 communicated both on-site and through offline communication theory. Of course, achieving customer loyalty and go back purchases has been key to Amazons success. Many dot-coms failed beca use up they succeeded in achieving awargonness, but not loyalty. Amazon achieved both. In their SEC filing they idiom how they seek to achieve this. They say We work to earn repeat purchases by providing abstemious-to-use functionality, fast and reliable fulfillment, by the way customer service, feature rich content, and a trusted transaction environment.Key features of our websites include editorial and customer reviewsmanufacturer harvest-feast information meshwork scallywags tailored to individual preferences, much(prenominal) as passports and notifications 1-Click engineering science obtain payment systems image uploads attempting on our websites as well as the net profit browsing and the competency to view selected interior pages and citations, and search the entire contents of many of the books we offer with our project Inside the sacred scripture and Se arch Inside the Book features. Our community of online customers besides creates feature-rich content, including product reviews, online recommendation lists, wish lists, buying guides, and unite and baby registries.In practice, as is the practice for many online retailers, the lowest prices be for the most popular products, with less popular products commanding higher prices and a greater margin for Amazon. Free transportation offers are apply to encourage increase in basket size since customers have to spend over a certain(a) pith to receive free shipping. The level at which free-shipping is set is critical to wageability and Amazon has changed it as competition has changed and for processional reasons. Amazon communicate the fulfillment promise in several ways including video display of latest memorial availability information, deli real date estimates, and options for expedited delivery, as well as delivery expedition notifications and update facilities.This focus on customer has translated to excellence in service with the 2004 American Customer joy Index giving Amazon.com a score of 88 which was at the time, the highest customer rejoicing score ever introduceed in any service industry, online or offline. Round (2004) notes that Amazon focuses on customer satisfaction metrics. Each site is closely monitored with model service availability monitoring (for caseful, using Keynote or Mercury Interactive) site availability and download speed.Interestingly it likewise monitors per minute site revenue focal ratio/lower bounds Round describes an alarm system kinda like a power ingraft where if revenue on a site falls below $10,000 per minute, alarms go off There are also internal performance service-level-agreements for web function where T% of the time, different pages must(prenominal) return in X seconds. 2011 update on vision and brilliance of technologyAccording to founder and CEO, Jeff Bezos, technology is very important to supportin g this focus on the customer. In their 2010 Annual Report (Amazon,2011) he said Look inside a current textbook on software architecture, and youll find few patterns that we dont apply at Amazon. We use high-performance transactions systems, complex rendering and object caching, workflow and queuing systems, business intelligence and information analytics, machine learning and pattern recognition, neural networks and probabilistic decision making, and a wide variety of other techniques.And while many of our systems are base on the latest in computing device science research, this often hasnt been sufficient our architects and engineers have had to advance research in directions that no academician had yet taken.Many of the problems we face have no textbook solutions, and so we happily invent brand-newly approaches All the effort we put into technology might not matter that much if we kept technology off to the side in some sort of RD de interpreterment, but we dont take that approach. engine room infuses all of our teams, all of our processes, our decision-making, and our approach to innovation in distributively of our businesses. It is deeply integrated into boththing we do. The quotation mark shows how applying new technologies is use to give Amazon a agonistic edge.A good recent illustration of this is providing the infrastructure to deliver the recruit Whispersync update to ebook readers. Amazon reported in 2011 that Amazon.com is now dealing more Kindle books than paperback books. For every 100 paperback books Amazon has sold, the Company sold 115 Kindle books. Kindle apps are now available on Apple iOS, Android devices and on PCs as part of a Buy Once, Read Anywhere proposition which Amazon has developed.Amazon CustomersAmazon defines what it refers to as trio consumer sets customers, portion outer customers and developer customers. There are over 76 million customer accounts, but just 1.3 million active addresser customers in its market places and Amazon is seeking to increase this. Amazon is unusual for a retailer in that it identifies developer customers who use its Amazon Web Services, which provides access to technology infrastructure such(prenominal) as hosting that developers can use to develop their own web run. Members are also encouraged to join a loyalty programme, Amazon Prime, a fee-based membership program in which members receive free or discounted point shipping, in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan.CompetitionIn its SEC (2005) filing Amazon describes the environment for our products and services as intensely competitive. It views its main current and capableness competitors as 1) physical-world retailers, catalog retailers, publishers, vendors, distributors and manufacturers of our products, many of which make significant brand sensation, sales volume, and customer bases, and some of which currently sell, or may sell, products or services through the Internet, mail order, or direct marketing (2)Other online E-commerce sites(3) A number of indirect competitors, including media companies, Web portals, comparison obtain websites, and Web search engines, either directly or in collaboration with other retailers and (4) Companies that provide e-commerce services, including website development triplet-party fulfillment and customer-service. It believes the main competitive factors in its market segments include selection, price, availability, convenience, information, discovery, brand recognition, change services, accessibility, customer service, reliability, speed of fulfillment, ease of use, and ability to adapt to changing conditions, as well as our customers boilersuit experience and trust in transactions with us and facilitated by us on behalf of third-party sellers. For services offered to business and individual sellers, additional competitive factors include the quality of our services and tools, their ability to generate sales for third parties we serve, and the speed of performance for our services.From Auctions to marketplacesAmazon auctions (known as zShops) were launched in March 1999, in large part as a response to the success of eBay. They were promoted heavily from the home page, category pages and individual product pages. Despite this, a year after its launch it had only achieved a 3.2% share of the online auction compared to 58% for eBay and it only declined from this point. Today, competitive prices of products are available through third-party sellers in the Amazon Marketplace which are integrated within the standard product listings.The strategy to offer such an auction facility was initially driven by the extremity to compete with eBay, but now the strategy has been adjusted such that Amazon describe it as part of the approach of low-pricing. Although it might be thought that Amazon would lose out onenabling its merchants to sell products at lower prices, in fact Amazon makes greater margin on these sales s ince merchants are charged a commission on each sale and it is the merchant who bears the cost of storing inventory and fulfilling the product to customers. As with eBay, Amazon is just facilitating the exchange of bits and bytes between buyers and sellers without the need to distribute physical products.Amazon Media salesYou may have noticed that unlike some retailers, Amazon displays relevant Google text ads and banner ads from brands. This seems in conflict with the strategy of focus on experience since it leads to a more cluttered store. However in 2011 Amazon revealed that planetary media sales accounted for approximately 17% of revenue Amazon marketingAmazon does not reveal much about its marketing approach in its annual reports, but thither seems to be a focus on online marketing channels. Amazon (2011) states we direct customers to our websites primarily through a number of targeted online marketing channels, such as our Associates program, sponsored search, portal advertis ing, email marketing campaigns, and other initiatives. These other initiatives may include outdoor and TV advertising, but they are not mentioned specifically. In this statement they also highlight the importance of customer loyalty tools. They say while costs associated with free shipping are not include in marketing expense, we view free shipping offers and Amazon Prime as trenchant worldwide marketing tools, and intend to continue offering them indefinitely.How The Culture of poetic rhythm startedA common stem turn in Amazons development is the drive to use a measured approach to all aspects of the business, beyond the finance. Marcus (2004) describes an occasion at a corporate boot-camp in January 1997 when Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos saw the light. At Amazon, we will have a Culture of Metrics, he said while addressing his precedential staff. He went on to explain how web-based business gave Amazon an amazing window into human behaviour. Marcus says at rest(p) were the fuzzy appr oximations of focus groups, the anecdotal fudging and smoke blowing from the marketing department. A companylike Amazon could (and did) record every move a visitor made, every last click and twitch of the mouse. As the data piled up into virtual heaps, hummocks and mountain ranges, you could draw all sorts of conclusions about their chimerical nature, the consumer. In this sense, Amazon was not merely a store, but an immense repository of facts.All we needed were the right equations to plug into them. crowd Marcus then goes on to give a fascinating insight into a breakout group discussion of how Amazon could cave in use measures to improve its performance. Marcus was in the Bezos group, brainstorming customer-centric metrics. Marcus (2004) summarises the dialogue, led by Bezos First, we figure out which things wed like to measure on the site, he said. For example, lets say we pauperism a metric for customer enjoyment. How could we calculate that? There was silence. Then somebody ventured How much time each customer spends on the site? Not specific enough, Jeff said.How about the average number of legal proceeding each customer spends on the site per session someone else suggested. If that goes up, theyre having a blast. besides how do we factor in purchase? I Marcus said feeling proud of myself. Is that a measure of enjoyment?I think we need to consider frequency of visits, too, said a dark-coated woman I didnt recognise. Lot of folks are still accessing the web with those creepy-crawly modems. iv short visits from them might be just as good as one visit from a guy with a T-1. whitethornbe better. Good point, Jeff said. And anyway, enjoyment is just the start. In the end, we should be measuring customer ecstasyIt is interesting that Amazon was having this debate in about the elements of RFM analysis (described in Chapter 6 of Internet Marketing), 1997, after already having achieved $16 million of revenue in the previous year. Of course, this is a minisc ule amount compared with todays billions of dollar turnover. The important point was that this was the start of a focus on metrics which can be seen through the description of Matt Pounds work later in this case study. From human to software-based recommendationsAmazon has developed internal tools to support this Culture of Metrics.Marcus (2004) describes how the Creator Metrics tool shows content creators how well their product listings and product copy are working. For each content editor such as Marcus, it retrieves all recently posted documents including articles, interviews, booklists and features. For each one it then gives a transmutation rate to sale plus the number of page views, adds (added to basket) and repels (content requested, but the back button then used). In time, the work of editorial reviewers such as Marcus was marginalised since Amazon found that the majority of visitors used the search tools rather than read editorial and they responded to the personalised re commendations as the matching technology improved (Marcus likens early recommendations techniques to going shopping with the village idiot).Experimentation and testing at AmazonThe Culture of Metrics also led to a test-driven approach to improving results at Amazon. Matt Round, speaking at E-metrics 2004 when he was director of personalisation at Amazon describes the philosophy as Data Trumps Intuitions. He explained how Amazon used to have a swarm of arguments about which content and promotion should go on the all important home page or category pages. He described how every category VP wanted top-center and how the Friday meetings about placements for next week were get too long, too loud, and lacked performance data. But today automation replaces intuitions and real-time experimentation tests are always run to answer these questions since actual consumer behaviour is the best way to decide upon tactics. Marcus (2004) also notes that Amazon has a culture of experiments of which A/B tests are key components.Examples where A/B tests are used include new home page design, moving features around the page, different algorithms for recommendations, changing search relevancy rankings. These involve testing a new treatment against a previous control for a particular(a) time of a few days or a week. The system will randomly show one or more treatments to visitors and measure a range of parameters such as units sold and revenue by category (and total), session time, session length, etc. The new features will usually be launched if the coveted metrics are statistically significantly better.Statistical tests are a challenge though as distributions are not normal (they have a large mass at zero for example of no purchase) There are other challenges since multipleA/B tests are running every day and A/B tests may overlap and so conflict. There are also longer-term set up where some features are cool for the first-class honours degree two weeks and the opposite effect where changing navigation may degrade performance temporarily. Amazon also finds that as its users evolve in their online experience the way they act online has changed. This means that Amazon has to constantly test and evolve its features.Amazon.com TechnologyIt follows that the Amazon technology infrastructure must readily support this culture of experimentation and this can be difficult to achieved with standardised content charge. Amazon has achieved its competitive advantage through developing its technology internally and with a significant enthronement in this which may not be available to other organisations without the right focus on the online channels. As Amazon explains in SEC (2005) using primarily our own proprietary technologies, as well as technology licensed from third parties, we have implemented numerous features and functionality that simplify and improve the customer shopping experience, enable third parties to sell on our computer programme, and facilitate o ur fulfillment and customer service operations.Our current strategy is to focus our development efforts on continuous innovation by creating and enhancing the specialized, proprietary software that is unique to our business, and to license or acquire commercially-developed technology for other applications where available and appropriate. We continually invest in several areas of technology, including our seller platform A9.com, our wholly-owned subsidiary focused on search technology on www.A9.com and other Amazon sites web services and digital initiatives. Round (2004) describes the technology approach as distributed development and deployment. Pages such as the home page have a number of content pods or slots which call web services for features. This makes it relatively easy to change the content in these pods and even change the location of the pods on-screen.Amazon uses a flowable or changeable page design unlike many sites which enables it to make the most of real-estate on -screen. Technology also supports more standard e-retail facilities. SEC (2005) states We use a set of applications for accepting and validating customer orders, placing and tracking orders with suppliers, managing and assigning inventory to customerorders, and ensuring proper shipment of products to customers.Our transaction-processing systems handle millions of items, a number of different status inquiries, multiple shipping addresses, gift-wrapping requests, and multiple shipment methods. These systems allow the customer to choose whether to receive adept or several shipments based on availability and to track the progress of each order. These applications also manage the process of accepting, authorizing, and charging customer course credit cards.Data Driven AutomationRound (2004) said that Data is king at Amazon. He gave many examples of data driven automation including customer channel preferences managing the way content is displayed to different user types such as new rele ases and top-sellers, merchandising and recommendation (showing related products and promotions) and also advertising through paying(a) search (automatic ad generation and bidding). The automated search advertising and bidding system for paid search has had a big impact at Amazon. Sponsored links initially done by humans, but this was unsustainable due to range of products at Amazon. The automated programme generates keywords, writes ad creative, determines best landing page, manages bids, measure conversion rates, profit per converted visitor and updates bids.Again the problem of volume is there, Matt Round described how the book How to sterilise Love Like a Porn Star by Jenna Jameson received tens of thousands of clicks from pornography-related searches, but few very purchased the book. So the update cycle must be quick to avoid large losses. There is also an automated email measurement and optimization system.The campaign calendar used to be manually managed with relatively we ak measurement and it was costly to schedule and use. A new system Automatically optimizes content to improve customer experience Avoids sending an e-mail campaign that has low clickthrough or high unsubscribe rate Includes inbox management (avoid sending multiple emails/week) Has growing library of automated email programs covering new releases and recommendations But there are challenges if promotions are too successful if inventory isnt available.Your RecommendationsCustomers Who Bought X, also bought Y is Amazons signature feature. Round(2004) describes how Amazon relies on acquiring and then crunching a massive amount of data. Every purchase, every page viewed and every search is recorded. So there are now to new version, customers who shopped for X also shopped for and Customers who searched for X also bought They also have a system codenamed Goldbox which is a cross-sell and awareness raising tool.Items are discounted to encourage purchases in new categories I have a more fi ne article on Amazon personalisation / recommendation system He also describes the challenge of techniques for sifting patterns from fray (sensitivity filtering) and clothing and toy catalogues change frequently so recommendations become out of date. The main challenges though are the massive data size arising from millions of customers, millions of items and recommendations made in real time.Amazon Partnership strategyAs Amazon grew, its share price growth enabled partnership or acquisition with a range of companies in different sectors. Marcus (2004) describes how Amazon partnered with Drugstore.com (pharmacy), Living.com (furniture), Pets.com (pet supplies), Wineshopper.com (wines), HomeGrocer.com (groceries), Sothebys.com (auctions) and Kozmo.com (urban home delivery). In most cases, Amazon purchased an equity stake in these partners, so that it would share in their prosperity. It also charged them fees for placements on the Amazon site to promote and drive relations to their sites. Similarly, Amazon charged publishers for prime-position to promote books on its site which caused an initial hue-and-cry, but this abated when it was realised that paying for spectacular placements was widespread in traditional booksellers and supermarkets.Many of these new online companies failed in 1999 and 2000, but Amazon had covered the potential for growth and was not pulled down by these partners, even though for some such as Pets.com it had an investment of 50%. Analysts sometimes refer to Amazoning a sector meaning that one company becomes dominant in an online sector such as book retail such that it becomes very difficult for others to achieve market share. In addition to developing, communicating and delivering a very strong proposition, Amazon has been able to consolidate its potence in different sectors through its partnership arrangements and through using technology to facilitate product promotion and distribution via these partnerships. The Amazon retail pla tform enables other retailers to sell products online usingthe Amazon user user interface and infrastructure through their Syndicated Stores programme.For example, in the UK, Waterstones (www.waterstones.co.uk) is one of the largest traditional bookstores. It found competition with online so expensive and challenging, that eventually it entered a partnership arrangement where Amazon markets and distributes its books online in return for a commission online. Similarly, in the US, Borders a large book retailer uses the Amazon merchant platform for distributing its products. Toy retailer Toys R Us have a akin(predicate) arrangement. Such partnerships support Amazon extends its grant into the customer-base of other suppliers, and of course, customers who buy in one category such as books can be encouraged to purchase into other areas such as clothing or electronics. Another form of partnership referred to above is the Amazon Marketplace which enables Amazon customers and other reta ilers to sell their new and used books and other goods alongside the regular retail listings.A similar partnership approach is the Amazon emailprotected program which enables third party merchants (typically larger than those who sell via the Amazon Marketplace) to sell their products via Amazon. Amazon earn fees either through fixed fees or sales commissions per-unit. This arrangement can help customers who get a wider choice of products from a range of suppliers with the convenience of purchasing them through a single checkout process. Finally, Amazon has also facilitated formation of partnerships with smaller companies through its affiliates programme. Internet legend records that Jeff Bezos, the creator of Amazon was chatting to someone at a cocktail party who wanted to sell books about divorce via her web site.Subsequently, Amazon.com launched its Associates program in July 1996 and it is still going strong. Googling http//www.google.com/search?q=www.amazon.com+-site%3Awww.ama zon.com for sites that link to the US site, shows over 4 million pages, many of which will be affiliates. Amazon does not use an affiliate network which would take commissions from sale, but thank to the strength of its brand has developed its own affiliate programme. Amazon has created a tiered performance-based incentives to encourage affiliates to sell more Amazon products.Amazon Marketing communicationsIn their SEC filings Amazon state that the aims of their communicationsstrategy are (unsurprisingly) toIncrease customer traffic to our websitesCreate awareness of our products and servicesPromote repeat purchasesDevelop incremental product and service revenue opportunities Strengthen and broaden the Amazon.com brand name.Amazon also believe that their most effective marketing communications are a consequence of their focus on continuously improving the customer experience. This then creates word-of-mouth promotion which is effective in acquiring new customers and may also encoura ge repeat customer visits. As well as this Marcus (2004) describes how Amazon used the personalisation enabled through technology to reach out to a difficult to reach market which Bezos originally called the concentrated middle. Bezoss view was that it was easy to reach 10 people (you called them on the phone) or the ten million people who bought the most popular products (you placed a superbowl ad), but more difficult to reach those in between. The search facilities in the search engine and on the Amazon site, together with its product recommendation features meant that Amazon could connect its products with the interests of these people.Online advertising techniques include paid search marketing, interactive ads on portals, e-mail campaigns and search engine optimisation. These are automated as far as possible as described earliest in the case study. As previously mentioned, the affiliate programme is also important in whimsical visitors to Amazon and Amazon offers a wide range of methods of linking to its site to help improve conversion. For example, affiliates can use straight text links leading direct to a product page and they also offer a range of dynamic banners which feature different content such as books about Internet marketing or a search box.Amazon also use cooperative advertising arrangements, better known as contra-deals with some vendors and other third parties.For example, a print advertisement in 2005 for a particular product such as a wireless router with a free wireless laptop computer card promotion will feature a specific Amazon URL in the ad. In product fulfilment packs, Amazon may include a leaflet for a non-competing online company such as Figleaves.com (lingerie) or Expedia (travel). In return, Amazon leaflets may be included in customer communications from the partner brands. Our Associates program directs customers to our websites by enabling independent websites to make millions of products available to theiraudiences with ful fillment performed by us or third parties. We pay commissions to hundreds of thousands of participants in our Associates program when their customer referrals result in product sales.In addition, we offer everyday free shipping options worldwide and recently announced Amazon.com Prime in the U.S., our first membership program in which members receive free two-day shipping and discounted overnight shipping. Although marketing expenses do not include the costs of our free shipping or promotional offers, we view such offers as effective marketing tools. Marcus, J. (2004) Amazonia. Five years at the epicentre of the dot-com juggernaut,The New Press, New York, NY. Round, M. (2004) Presentation to E-metrics, London, May 2005. www.emetrics.org.

Trajectory of US Foreign Policy Essay Example for Free

Trajectory of US unlike Pol fixed EssayIntroduction The credo for strong the States and secured existence re-echoes the vision for retaining global alliances nonetheless draws future challenges to US immaterial form _or_ system of government in re-aligning socio- semi policy-making trustingness in the contemporary shift of political power. The rise of third plucks is critically perceived in the interplay of emerge political powers that whitethorn desolate convergence to US foreign policy. The perceptive basis of power duty period may in itself central to the change of US interstate highway ( municipal) leadership and the clamor of the American the great unwashed to reform the US foreign policies. In contrast, the US economic, financial and military establishments can possibly bootlick the vacillating force upon the change of political leadership. The reconfiguration in the trajectory of US foreign policy may absorb the vacuum of power within the confines of socio-e conomic-political someoneism. This individualism may be depictive to walk down a narrow road that is less traveled, as there goes an excerpt from the song auf wiedersehen Yellow Brick Road (Elton magic in Taupin, B., 1973) So goodbye yellow brick road where the dogs of society howl, you coin bank plant me in your penthouse, Im going backrest to my ploughFrom this pretext, what holds Americas foreign policy is to affirm the yellow brick road of economic and financial convergence ensuring the American people never to go back in the 1890s US experience of great economic depression, in which today the US organization controls its economic and political interests in a global landscape. This may be a classical advance path leading to the contemporary challenges of US foreign policy, but an annotation to the modern political genre and re-structured geopolitical archetype in US shift of power. This paper go away discuss the contemporary interstate (domestic) political interactio ns and the intrastate (foreign) shifting of political powers relating to the trajectory and future challenge in US foreign policy.methodological digest The review of literature will guide the overall discussions of growths and will be the basis of analyzing the situation. The method will adopt a 2-prong approach in examining the trajectory and challenges of US foreign policy to situate (2) interstate factors, and (2) intrastate responses.Rationale This section of the paper will present, review and discuss the January 2008 State of the soil visit (SONA) of chairperson George chaparral in order to situate the interstate factors effecting the character- consumption of US executive director, legislative, judiciary and military branches of organization, and the intrastate affairs or foreign policy agenda. prexy scrubbing 2008 SONA emphasizes the credo for strong America and secured world. The credo calls on the critical character-roles of US governmental agencies in advancing the socio-economic-political-cultural well-organism of the state from domestic to foreign abode. As quoted from the speech of electric chair bush, he implored expanding opportunity to protecting the country, as the US government film made good progress, and yet it has unfinished course in which the American people stockpile to get it done (The White House, 2008). The credit entry highlights the empowerment of US economy to which has been faced with uncertainties as indicated by job dearth, depleted market in housing, hurdled distribution of healthc ar benefits, and reduction of revenues from increased government spending. Basically, chairperson Bush refers both private and state-support financial incapability and the global economic recession. As progress emphasized, the economic agenda is to draw a more empowered financial establishment and labor market, in which Bush stressed out the making of result quality American product as what he calls to be proudly labeled as Made in the USA. Science and technological innovations were in any case critically addressed by investing on research ingenuity and the unlimited development of scientific inventions and discoveries which aimed to create and provide energy security. Current technologies of adversaries must comply with hu humanness and environmental protection. President Bush reiterated the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act as encompassing the state ready domestic need to education and urged US Congress for $300 Million scholarship budget. On top of the domestic friendly-economic agenda for labor market, education, healthcare and revenue generation through with(predicate) tax rebate package, President Bush cited the additional deployment of 3,200 Marines to Afghanistan, as he concluded that homeward bound soldiers out of the 20,000 military man deployed in the halfway East must be replaced to ensure maintenance of peace and security. The rationale of President Bush 2008 SONA was founded on re couping domestic uncertainties and pursuing the unfinished business in Middle East.Literature review the shaping of US foreign policy As presented and discussed in the rationale section of this paper, the literature review will rise the variety of actors and factors that relates the shaping of US foreign policy. The rationale section will also form lot of derivatives to the overall discussions.The tralatitious foreign policy elitesAs an overview prior to discussing the topic, we may cite a quotation from the Director of polity Planning Richard Haas of the US Department of State that may similarly define the traditional foreign policy elites Of the many influences on U.S. foreign policy formulation, the role of think tanks is among the or so definitive and least appreciated (US Department of State, 2002). According to the electronic journal, US Foreign Policy Elites in a Post-Cold War Information Age published by Mark P. Lagon in 1996, the special expertise inside(a) and outs ide(a) of government that absorbs academics, quasi-academics, journalists, and polemicists becomes political appointees and career bureaucrats are referred to as elites. The elites creates the inner circle or sphere inside and outside of government. Another delegacy correlated to the definition, the media has a crucial role in binding the elite grouping by providing medium of communication (or forum) for setting agenda (Lagon, 1996). The 21st speed of light elites may be also categorized or defined as a political technocrat because they have the capability to analyze or study a political-economic situation and influence the pre-condition effect or scenario of a situation. The elites may be also seting the power brokering between the governmental affairs and the social groups in a civil society.In domestic and foreign relations, nearly of business men and affluent academicians are the most likeable appointee or delegate to represent governmental rifles. One that may exemplify t he representation is by appointing a diplomatic functionary. The diplomatic function acidifys within a script of function effective to use up out the mission at diplomacy train. In other words, the diplomacy level could only be functional in mediation and arbitration, in which the role of a middle man patterns the diplomatic functions.We may also refer the at large elites as belonging from the top social hierarchy categorized by its family wealth and social academic status, in which may be enticed or pull by political-economic sentimentalism merely sympathetic to a cause, social conviction and plain beliefs that allies with topic advocacy and lobbyist groups or political activism. The capability of at large elites may have a vacillating tendency at crucial political standpoint, wherein to toss coin meant knowing both sides (pros and cons) of a national set off.In worthless and undeveloped countries, like the Philippines in Asia, it has become a common knowledge that the tradi tional elites mostly represented by disgruntled politicians, adventurous soldiers, government retirees, and idealistic academicians have its own political grouping even maintaining bureaucracy inside and outside the government. In this case, the capability to be well-integrated in both camps and political grouping (opposition and government) attributes the ability to situate, adapt and sound out political configuration, in which the prognosis equates to being a think tank.In the US, the traditional elites are those belonging from a confederate political backing that is also known as interest groups that carry out a national interest agenda may it be through electoral work outes, lobbying and issue advocacy. From that point of view, the capability to create impact could be commonly supported.Moreover, the special scholastic skill to avow political issues or able to expand prolific deductions or analogies could influence the policy making initiatives. The association between elit es and the general public in a democratic processes of policy-making is involving mobilization and ratification, wherein the elites configures the outline of a policy and mobilizes public convergence in which the framing of a policy is set at the dispensation of the legislative, executive and judiciary branches of government and even the military establishments for interstate (domestic) or intrastate (foreign) implementation.US political culture and gage public assentIn a joint lecture in year 2006 conducted by Bruce E. Gronbeck, A. Craig Baird from the University of Iowa and John D. Lees from Manchester University in England, they defined the contemporary political culture and plentitude public opinion under two categories popularity and populism. Accordingly, popularity is more central to the personalities and characters involving the issues (be it social, economic and political). On the other hand, populism is drawn as an action-oriented response invoking the right to chaste n grievances and holding of assemblies. Combining both popularity and populism as a public response or action toward an issue is considered a relevantly critical public interest undertaking.The significance of political culture and mass public opinion which compose popularity and populism conflates in the typologies of data and constructively appears in the public life. One example is the flow of instruction of economic uncertainty as communicated by media is the indication of depleted housing market, scarcity of healthcare benefits and shortage of labor markets, which was outlined in the political-economic agenda of President Bush 2008 SONA. In contrast, political and economic analysts look at that government indecision draws more hostile popularity of political leadership, in which populism resort to civic action or civil defiance. Like any other countries (poor and rich), the political culture and mass public opinion is centralise at the governmental leadership and performa nce. The civil society as composing various groupings is the bulwark of indispensable opinion and perception consistent to the so-called participatory or popular democracy. The political culture and mass public opinion therefore refers to the existence of democratic processes that describes the type, category and classification of framing a public policy.The interest groups and the military-industrial complexThe interest groups being mostly defined and perceived as grouping of individual types and stakeholders for socio-political interest or convictions are not representing the government neither functionaries of a government office. The interest group has varied classifications, such as endorser and financier of political candidates, advocates and lobbyist for legislative policy agenda, social work composing the non-governmental organizations and political activists. These classifications of interest groups are also described as pressure groups in a civil society.The US-based Coun cil on Foreign Relations (CFR) found that the pressure groups are vulnerable to collaborating with domestic extremists being classified as hate groups that allies with left-wing radical activists motivated by religious-racial-cultural conservatism. To cite, the incident on April 1995 truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City that accounted 168 deaths and wounded about cholecalciferol people has attributed to domestic terrorism, and suspected by the FBI as multi-perpetuated and politically motivated actions linking the interest groups of radical political activists opposing the World Trade Organization (WTO in Fletcher, H., 2008).On the other hand, the military-industrial complex refers to the established validation of the US Armed Forces. However, a group of stakeholders that are also classified as interest groups acts as brokers, traders and suppliers of weaponry and armaments to the US Armed Forces. These stakeholders or interest groups also serve a s a pressure group in dealing with the passing or act outment of a policy concerning homeland defending team and most especially foreign security policy. The US war on Iraq and the continuing anti-terrorism campaign of the US government favors the stakeholders, in which the demand for supplying weaponry and armaments to the US Armed Forces categorically defines profitable business in war.The traditional and unused mediaBased on the journal, The Interaction of Traditional and New Media, authored by John D. Leckenby and Everett D. Collier from the Department of Advertising, College of Communication at the University of Texas, the medium of communication has evolved the typologies of media outfit. The type of traditional and youthful media is classified in terms of technology, in which the information delivery and access through the Internet has typified the traditional and fresh medium of communication and updating to social developments. However, the classification does not neces sarily feature the newest approach to bringing information and accessibility to consumers.As cited, the televisions broadcast and print media although classified as traditional in the cyber age motionlessness captures and captivates impact to public interest (Leckenby Collier, 2003). It maybe recalled that the coverage of television, broadcast and print media in Iraq has kept abreast(predicate) the development of war around the world. It may be also a fact that the electronic or cyber media outfit relies from the feedback information of correspondents in Iraq. Otherwise direct satellite connection to the Internet could be most promptly delivered. At hindsight, a significant number of consumers to information are inaccessible or curt and do not have computer facility to use the Internet.To compare and contrast, the new media is based on the above definition on the use of cyber-technology that differentiates traditional, but not yet totally recognized as a habitual utility in a so ciety. The societal significance of the new media outfit using the Internet may only be considered as an added feature to bringing about interactions of affluent group of people, financially supported political campaigns, and the attempt of the government to develop online transactions. In addition, the cyber-technology that pertains to E-commerce may be remotely attributed to new media with count on to journalism. What is then more significant aside from classification is the emerging venue or medium of both traditional and new media that bring about and reach out the development and trends of governance and public interest.Examining the White House and executive agenciesThe White House symbolizes the seat of power of the President of the united States. Political analysts even put chaff to the white house as the home of many kitchens and chefs, wherein what is cooking inside the white house great power be sourly, distasteful, and spoiled. The parallelism of this political satir e may be referring to the consistent, efficient and effective role-modeling of the Chief decision maker being the symbolical figure head of the White House. What is then bestowed upon the mandate of the President must be retained to the sovereign will of the people the vox populi. Therefore, the mandate shall immerse in the life of the administrator Cabinet.Department of StateThe US Department of State (USDS) emanated from the year 1789 establishment of the Department of Foreign Affairs. Its pristine mandate is to protect the global interests of the US government by managing about 250 US embassies and consulates throughout the world. The functionaries of USDS represent the US government to the United Nation (UN), NATO (North American Treaty Organization), UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and the European Union. USDS also manages the subject of travel advisory to its citizens at home and in abroad.In sum, the USDS may be referred to as a fortress of the US foreign relations, in which it accesses and reach out international boundaries. Through that, it serves as a pipeline and breadth of US foreign policies and diplomatic partnership. The USDS plays a vital role in US global governmental functions. Thus, the trajectory of US foreign policy can be substantively achieved at intrastate domains.Department of DefenseMandated to secure and protect the domestic abode, the US Department of Defense (USDOD) has expansive role in protecting the foreign interest of the US government. The claim for soldier-heroes has been brought in the US war to Iraq. President Bush addressed the USDOD as champions of restoring democracies from adverse governments around the world.In early 1960s towards mid-1970, former President Nixon mandated the USDOD in deploying troops to Vietnam as mandamus duty of the President to participate in domestic war. However, it has proven the saying not to fight an enemy in his own backyard, wherein an approxim ate 58,000 US soldiers died in related combat operations. Today, the war in Iraq has accounted 20,000 US troops deployment, aside from the most recent calling of President Bush in his 2008 SONA to deploy 3,200 Marines. The USDOD maintains its military-industrial complex in collaboration with various international governments upon the US foreign policy to secure the world in pursuit of war against domestic and international terrorism.Intelligence CommunityThe intelligence community (commonly called as IC) is described by Military experts as eyes and ears of the US government, wherein it gathers information, process information and package information as a derivative or aid for policy legislation. The labeling of spying has have from the post-cold war competition of mice-and-cat espionage activities of CIA to Russian KGB. The contemporary strategic approach is focusing on the open-source information gathering that uses the method of HUMINT (human intelligence).The IC reform has been outlined in the enactment of the Intelligence Reform and act of terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) of 2004. The creation of the Office of the Director for National Intelligence (ODNI) empowers the strategic and tactical approaches to process the global information. Upon enactment of IRTPA, the Executive and Congress has accessed the transparent undertaking of the CIA and put the work into a new twist of domestic and foreign intelligence and enforcement that synergize and harmonize working relationship with the FBI, Department of Homeland shelter (DHS) and the USDOD.Economic institutionsThe Department of Treasury holds the coffer of the State. Just like the yellow brick road partly discussed in the opening section that symbolizes the commercial district in New York, wherein the former seat of monetary transactions happens at ring Street, it ensure and protect the financial wellbeing of the State and the US government financing of domestic and foreign projects. The role of the Depa rtment of Treasury is not limited to revenue generations, printing of receipts, bank notes, federal reserves, debt collections and banking. The respective(a) character of the Department of Treasury is to determine the financial viability of US foreign investments, in which fiscal oversight form part in shaping a feasible and optimal policy that protects the US interest.The US Congress and the CourtsThe legislative and judiciary has commonalities in policy undertaking. The only difference is the characterization of policy in terms of ratification and interpretation of law with jurisprudential values effecting and affecting the enforcement. The passing of the IRTPA of 2004 is regarded as a plenary policy enactment in US history of law enforcement. First, the reform in IC through establishment of ODNI has carried out significant enforcement in arresting domestic terrorist. flash is the empowerment of the President to enact on Executive Orders as presidential decision to harmonize t he homeland defense system. And, third, the juridical justification of continuous deployment of troops in Iraq and Afghanistan.The US Public Law endures the pursuit of foreign interest in a crone hunting expedition against the terrorist. The foreign ally governments receives the support to law enforcement, supply of weaponry and economic projects, somehow, the clog of vulnerability from so-called enemies are translated into committing of human errors in enforcement resulting human rights violations and domestic economic disturbance. It may be perceived that while US foreign policy instigates the war on terrorism, the host country or government suffers socio-economic-political derailment.Critical analysis on the character-role of shaping US foreign policy This critical analysis is pertaining to the Executive branch of government that holds the key actors and factors relating the character-role of shaping US foreign policy. The Executive Cabinet generally contains the governmental l eadership. It may be said that the office itself is being protected and preserved but the character (being the President) calibrate and spearhead the role-modeling. This means, the political will emanates from the personal character of a President. In the event of changing the guards as characterized by a governmental revamp, reorganization for new sets of political appointees and the change of leadership itself through election, the reconfiguration process may take time to re-establish the political will. Within the confines of the White House, the Defense, Treasury and ODNI are the trio vital guardians of presidential decision although Congress and the Courts of law collaborate. It may be noted from the 2008 SONA of President Bush that the key elemental features of emphasis in delivering immediate governmental actions focuses and addresses selective governmental agencies, such as (1) the Treasury to handle the tax rebates and other fiscal management of economy (2) the unfinished business in the Middle East as afflicted by political-economic reconstruction in Iraq, maintenance of security in Afghanistan and reconnaissance in Iran and Jordan for a potential stockpile of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), and mediation of conflict in North Korea and (3) above all is the call for continuous empowerment of domestic and foreign policies being adjust to contemporary global challenges.ConclusionThe trajectory of the US interstate and intrastate policy is may be perceived to be aligning the shift of political powers. One that describes the shifting is the domestic or national political leadership in 2008. From the point of view of election campaign in the US, political groupings and individualism may surface and is carried out upon racial equation. Although it is only a perception, the shifting of leadership or changing of the guards is prior been held to be re-aligned in the overall governmental function contingent to protecting and preserving the US foreign int erest.Second that describes the shifting is the emergence of third force political power at the global perspective. The third force may not be categorized likened to US but the proliferation of technologies in advanced weaponry and armaments may interchangeably interact in the global power sharing. The lull of silence in Iran and North Korea is yet unfolding much discoveries of the US. As what the US being envisioned for strong America and secured world is a perseverance of its hero-in-history model at the global perception, in which recouping gaps and assessing unforeseen factors may supplant political indecisiveness amidst contemporary challenges. It may be therefore concluded that the trajectory of US policy widens the roadmap with symbolical memorial as a cornerstone of gaining foreign alliances that shall keep America strong.ReferencesFletcher, H. (2008). Militant Extremist in the United States. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 10 whitethorn 2008 from http//www.cfr.org/ publication/9236/10.Gronbeck, B.E., Baird, A.C. and Lees, J.D. (2006). The Twenty-First Century Reconstitution of American Political civilization. Retrieved 10 May 2008 fromhttp//www.uiowa.edu/commstud/faculty/gronbeck/21st_reconstitution.pdf.John, E. and Taupin, B. (1973). Goodbye Yellow Brick Road. MCA Music. 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